Slacktivity has conducted a UV-light test in a permanent midline that was up for 7 months over summer. 5 different webbings were used in the setup. The tested webbings were not in the hade of trees but in full exposure to sun light. In avarage the webbing breaking strength decreased by 8kN in the mainline and 7kN in the backup.
The setup for the webbing breaking strength Study
From 13.03 – 8.10.2019 (almost 7 months) a 290m long midline has been permanently rigged and sometimes walked (about one session of 2 hours per week). In the middle of the slackline, there were 5 segments of 10m length each rigged on 5 different Slacktivity-webbings:
- Marathon (Polyester, Flat 3-layer Webbing)
- halfMarathon (Polyester, Flat 3-layer Webbing)
- pinkTube (Polyamide, Tubular Webbing)
- RedTube (Polyamide, Tubular Webbing)
- Y2K (Hybrid, Flat 3-layer Webbing, Dyneema Fibers covered by Polyester)
Mainline and Backup were rigged on the same webbing.
This 50m part was rigged in the middle of the line to avoid shade of the trees, so that the webbing was exposed to the sun as much as possible. The entire 50m-part has seen a similar amount of sunlight. The line has been hanging over summer – in winter the damage would probably have been much less. The webbing has seen about 1500 hours of sun. If it had been hanging the entire year it would have seen about 1950 hours of sun.
- Location: Bettswil, Switzerland
- Standing Tension: About 2kN – depending on temperature and humidity
- Surroundings: Above a cow-field. No traffic or city nearby. The closest city is Zurich in a distance of 25km
- Altitude: 840m above sea level
The samples used
A 30m long piece of each webbing-type has been cut into 3 pieces. A comparison piece, a Main and a Backup. This avoids differences between different webbing batches.
Webbing breaking strength test procedure
Each webbing has been torn apart at 5 different places. The slackline weblock that was used to fix the webbing was a Slacktivity seaHorse on both ends. Sample length between the seaHorses was about 20cm (+/- 5cm). Pulling speed was 100mm/s.
Results and discussion of webbing breaking strength test
The Y2K-Webbing will be displayed in the table but discussed separately as the behaviour in loss of breaking strength was not comparable to the other webbings.
|
Marathon | halfMarathon | pinkTube | redTube | Y2K | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New webbing | Avg BS Comparison MBS Comparison |
34.8 kN 33.1 kN |
27.5 kN 26.5 kN |
24.2 kN 23.5 kN |
37.7 kN 36.5 kN |
31.3 kN 30.5 kN |
Used webbing |
Avg BS Main MBS Main |
27.1 kN 25.1 kN |
19.6 kN 18.4 kN |
15.4 kN 14.5 kN |
29.6 kN 26.6 kN |
30.5 kN 26.3 kN |
Avg BS Backup MBS Backup |
27.9 kN 25.8 kN |
20.3 kN 18.2 kN |
16.4 kN 15.4 kN |
30.8 kN 27.5 kN |
26.0 kN 24.2 kN |
Breaking strength values The MBS (Minimum Breaking Strength) was calculated by substracting 3 standard deviations from the mean value.
An avarage absolute decrease in the breaking strength of about 8kN could be measured in the main line. In the backup webbing the decrease only was about 7kN.
Marathon | halfMarathon | pinkTube | redTube | Y2K | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Main | Backup | Main | Backup | Main | Backup | Main | Backup | Main | Backup |
-7.8 kN | -7.0 kN | -7.9 kN | -7.2 kN | -8.7 kN | -7.7 kN | -8.1 kN | -6.9 kN | -0.8 kN | -5.2kN |
Loss of Breaking strength after 7 months in the sun The displayed values are the loss of the avarage breaking strength.
No clear difference could be seen between Polyester and Polyamide webbings.
The decrease of the MBS was slightly higher due to a higher variance and therefore higher Sigma3 in the break- ing strength of the used webbings.
The relative loss in the avarage strength was clearly higher in the webbings with a low breaking strength. The redTube lost 21.6% and the pinkTube on the other end of the scale lost 36.1% in he main line.
Main Line vs. Backup
In avarage the backup was 0.9 kN stronger than the main line. The backup was not tight. The reason for this difference is not clear. It could be:
- Difference of standing tension (0 kN vs. 2 kN)
- Slight shade that the main offers to the backup
- Traces of dirt and salt that the highliner induces to the main line
Marathon | halfMarathon | pinkTube | redTube |
---|---|---|---|
0.8 kN | 0.7 kN | 1.0 kN | 1.2 kN |
Main Line vs. Backup This table shows, how much weaker the Main line was compared to the Backup.
Y2K webbing breaking strength
The Y2K-Webbing is a kern-mantel-construction with straight Dyneema fibers in a polyester mantle. This polyester sheeth protects the Dyneema fibers from UV-light and also from abrasion. Howe- ver, it also leads to a different breaking pattern compared to „normal“ webbings:
In new webbings the entire webbing will not break in a break test. Only the polyester sheeth will tear open and start sliding on the Dy- neema core (Dyneema is an extremely slippery material). This tear will always happen in the area of the centre diverter of the weblock. Therefore we do not measure the actual breaking strength but rather the point at which the mantle tears open and starts sliding over the core.
In the measurements of the main line, in 4 of 5 cases the webbing really broke. In the 5 th case the same pattern as with new webbings happened. This was by far the lowest value measured, leading to a high variance of the test results. The avarage breaking strength only went down by 0.8kN. This can on one hand be interpreted that Y2K is a durable webbing for long-term rigs, but on the other hand we do not know how high the real breaking strength would be in a new webbing.
In the measurements of the backup webbing, the breaking pattern was comparable to the new webbing: the mantle tore open. In this breaking pattern, the breaking load was clearly lower compared to the main line. We do not know why this was the case. Possibly some new arrangement of the fibers under tension let them stick better to one another, maybe some additional dirt in the line led to this effect. Possibly it is also an unknown reason that has not yet been listed here.
Sewn Loops
In the pinkTube, redTube and Y2K we intended to break test the sewn loop. However, none of the sewn loops of the used webbings tore apart – each of the webbings broke in the seaHorse. Only one original sewn loop per webbing type was in each webbing. So overall only 3 sewn loops had been tested. In none of the cases we found out the remaining breaking strength.
Results & Discussion of Elongation
Prior to rigging the line, we have marked a 2m part on each webbing that we have measured again 24 hours af- ter derigging.
In the backup basically no difference in length could be observed – possibly a slight decrease in the polyamide webbings. In the main webbings an increase of length could be observed. This increase was much more pro- nounced in the polyester webbings compared to poly- amide webbings.
Interesting: After „massaging“ the 2m part of the pink- Tube, the increase of length changed from +6.7% to only +3.2% within 5 minutes. Also the webbing felt much less stiff after „massaging“ it.
One week later the additional length has gone down to 2.5% – from that moment on no measurable change occured anymore. Therefore it seems like this is the amount of irreversible creep.
Marathon | halfMarathon | pinkTube | redTube | Y2K | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Main | Backup | Main | Backup | Main | Backup | Main | Backup | Main | Backup |
0.6% | -0.1% | 0.7% | -0.1% | 6.7% | -0.4% | 4.7% | -1.2% | 2.1% | 0.1% |
Change in Length Measured 24 hours after derigging. Mainly the polyamide main lines showed an increase in length.
Feel and colour of the Webbing
The backup of all webbings felt quite normal – almost not stiff. The main, ho- wever, felt different. The Marathon-webbings felt straw-like. But there was no huge difference to new webbing. Y2K showed the smallest difference between new and used. The main of the redTube and pinkTube felt really stiff after the test. With „massaging“ the webbing, most of the stiffness disappeared. Pro- bably due to a rearangement of the fibers when moving them to one another. The colours of the webbings have drastically faded over time – specially in the polyamide webbings. Change of colour can also be a warning sign to ex- change the webbing.
Comparison to other study
In 2018 the ISA has tested a pinkTube Type C that has permanently been used for 6-8 months for trick highlin- ing. This webbing has been rigged in the woods and has therefore seen less sun. About 2 hours per day. At the same time that webbing has been sessioned much more and seen about 3000-5000 leashfalls.
Avarage breaking strength in the tests was 19.6 kN (compared to 15.4kN in this test) and the MBS has been at
17.9 kN (compared to 14.5 kN in this test). These results show that the exposure to sunlight most likely plays one of the biggest roles in the weakening of the webbings besides cuts and burns.
SLACKTIVITY Slacklines co-founder, managing partner and team athlete, Samuel Volery olds multiple highline world records (1900m – September 2019) and has a spectacular and versatile style when performing highline-shows.